The Example of Vertu The Example of Virtue — Story, Setting & Ideas
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The source record for The Example of Vertu The Example of Virtue — Story, Setting & Ideas measures this digital text at 18,783 words, 1 hr 22 min estimated reading time, and 4 detected text sections.
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naked in depured eloquence For dulnes rethoryke doth exclude Wherfore in makynge I lake intellygence Also consyderynge my grete neglygence It fereth me sore for to endyte But at auenture I wyll now wryte.
As very blynde in the poetys art For I therof can no thynge skyll Wherfore I lay it all a part But somwhat accordynge to my wyll I wyll now wryte for to fulfyll Saynt Powles wordes and true sentement All that is wryten is to oure document
O prudent Gower in langage pure Without corrupcyon moost facundyous O noble Chauser euer moost sure Of frutfull sentence ryght delycyous O vertuous Lydgat moche sentencyous Vnto you all I do me excuse Though I your connynge do now vse
In Septembre in fallynge of the lefe Whan phebus made his declynacyon And all the whete gadred was in the shefe By radyaunt hete and operacyon Whan the vyrgyn had full domynacyon And Dyane entred was one degre Into the sygne of Gemyne
Whan the golden sterres clere were splendent In the firmament puryfyed clere as crystall By imperyall course without incombrement As Iuppyter and Mars that be celestyall With Saturne and Mercury that wer supernall Myxt with venus that was not retrograte That caused me to be well fortunate
In a slombrynge slepe with slouth opprest As I in my naked bedde was leyd Thynkynge all nyght to take my rest Morpleus to me than made abreyd And in my dreme me thought he sayd Come walke with me in a medowe amerous Depeynted with floures that be delycyous
I walked with hym into a place Where that there grue many a fayre floure With Ioye replete and full of solace And the trees dystyllynge redolent lycoure More sweter fer than the Aprell shour And tary I dyd there by longe space Tyll that I saw before my face
A ryght fayre lady of myddell stature And also enduyd with grete vertue Her apparell was set with perlys pure Whose beaute alway dyd renue To me she sayd and ye wyll extue All wyldnes I wyll be your guyde That ye to fraylte shall not slyde.
[>>] Vnto her I answerde o lady gloryous I pray you tell me what is your name For ye seeme to be ryght precyous And I am yonge and sore to blame Of vyces full and in vertue lame But I wyll be ruled now by your pleasure So that your order be made by mesure
Eclepyd I am she sayd dyscrecyon And yf ye wyll be ruled by me Ye shall haue Ioye without reprehencyon And neuer fall in to fragylyte Youth lackynge me it is grete pyte For in what place I am exyled They be with synne ryght oft defyled
It longeth euer vnto my properte Youth to gyue courage for to lerne I wyll not medle with no duplycyte But faythfulnes I wyll dyscerne And brynge thy soule to blesse eterne By wyse example and morall doctryne For youth hauynge to me is a good syne
Forsake also all euyll company And be founde true in worde and dede Remembre that this worlde is transytory After thy desert shall be thy mede Loue god alway and eke hym drede And for no mannes pleasure be thyn owne foo Gyue theym fayre wordes and lete theym goo
[<>] Be to thy kynge euer true subgete As thou sholdest be by ryght and reason Lete thy herte lowely on hym be sete Without ony spot of euyll treason And be obedyent at euery season Vnto his grace without rebellyon That thou with trouth may be companyon
Loue neuer vnloued for that is payne Whyle that thou lyuest of that beware Loue as thou seest the loued agayne Or elles it wyll torne the to care Be neuer taken in that fast snare Proue or thou loue that is moost sure And than thou in doubte shalt not endure.
Beware byleue no flaterynge tonge For flaterers be moost disseyuable Though that they company with the longe Yet at the ende they wyll be varyable For they by reason are not fauorable But euermore fals and double And with theyr tonges cause of grete trouble
This brytell worlde ay full of bytternes Alway turnynge lyke to a ball No man in it can haue no sykernes For whan he clymmeth he hath a fall O wauerynge shadowe bytter as gall O fatall welth full soone at ende Though thou ryght hy do oft assende
[<>] Whan she to me had made relacyon Of all these prouerbes by good conclusyon She gaue to me an Informacyon For to depryue all yll abusyon And to consydre the grete derysyon Whiche is in youth that may not se No thynge appropred to his prosperyte
Stephen Hawes's The Example of Vertu (1509) opens with a dream vision: Youth meets Discretion in a meadow and is reformed by her proverbs. The table of contents maps a structured allegory across fourteen chapters, leading Youth through a perilous bridge to a palace of precious stones. The excerpt shows the King of Love seated blindfolded, girt with willows, naked, with wings, a dart, a torch, and a bottle—a figure Sapience explains as a moralization of love's stability, blindness, nakedness, wings, dart, torch, and legs. This editorial note examines how the opening, middle, and later excerpts guide a first reading of Hawes's poem.
The Dream Vision and Its Framing
The poem begins with a prologue and a dream: Youth meets Discretion in a meadow. The table of contents lists fourteen chapters, each with a clear allegorical step: Youth sails over the “daungerous passage of vayne glorye,” arrives at an island belonging to Hardynes, Sapyence, Fortune, and Nature, and later pleads before Justice. The opening excerpt does not include the dream's inception, but the chapter titles reveal a systematic progression from moral instruction to combat—Youth fights a three-headed dragon before marrying Clennes. The dream frame situates the entire narrative as a vision, a common medieval device that allows for symbolic interpretation. Readers should note how the poem's structure mirrors a pilgrimage or quest, with each chapter marking a stage of moral development.
The Perilous Bridge and the Water of Vanity
In the middle excerpt, Youth is led by Sapience and Discretion to a river that “ebbed and flowed at every tyde.” Across it lies a castle of marble and crystal, but access is only by a bridge “not half so brode as a hous rydge.” Clennes appears on the far side, declaring that the world is but a vanity, like the water. The bridge is inscribed: “No man this brydge may ouer go / But he be pure without neglygence / And stedfast in goddes byleue also.” Youth quakes with fear, and the crossing is tense. This passage establishes a central test: the narrow bridge represents moral purity and faith. The water's turbulence suggests worldly temptation. Readers should observe how the allegory literalizes spiritual danger—the bridge's narrowness and the warning text make the stakes explicit.
The King of Love: A Moralized Portrait
After crossing, Youth enters a hall paved with precious stones, where the King of Love sits. The description is striking: he is “gyrde with wylowes,” blind, naked, with two large wings, a dart in his right hand, a burning torch in his left, a bottle around his neck, one leg armed and the other naked. Sapience explains each element: the willow girdle signifies stability; blindness means love sees no faults; nakedness shows love desires only the person; wings indicate the mind flies to the beloved; the dart wounds the heart; the torch burns with desire; the bottle holds mercy; the armed leg defends right love; the naked leg betokens charity. This moralization is a key feature of the poem—abstract concepts are embodied and then glossed. Readers should note how Hawes uses visual detail to teach, turning the King into a diagram of virtuous love.
The Later Excerpts and the Poem's Conclusion
The later excerpts are not provided in full, but the table of contents indicates that after the marriage of Vertu and Clennes, an angel shows them hell and its divisions, and then Vertu claims his inheritance, with angels and saints bringing them to heaven. The poem ends with a colophon naming Stephen Hawes as a groom of the chamber of Henry VII, dating the work to the nineteenth year of his reign (1509). The final chapters thus move from earthly trial to celestial reward, completing the allegorical arc. Readers should expect a shift from the perilous journey to a vision of the afterlife, reinforcing the poem's didactic purpose. The colophon grounds the work in a specific courtly context, reminding us that Hawes wrote for a royal audience.
Hawes's poem rewards attention to its symbolic details: the narrow bridge, the King of Love's attributes, and the progression from dream to heaven. Readers may find it useful to track how each allegorical figure—Discretion, Sapience, Clennes—functions as both character and concept. The poem's structure, with its chapter summaries and moralizations, invites a slow, reflective reading that connects each image to its spiritual meaning.
The rain blurred the window as Youth groped across that perilous bridge, blindfolded Love waiting beyond, and I found myself wondering how differently that journey reads once the blindfold comes off—how love’s wings feel heavier with years. That thought carried me, almost by accident, to The Years Between — Themes and Context, where the same ache simply wears another name.
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